Colorectal polyps (commonly referred to as colon polyps) are small abnormal growths that develop on the lining of the colon or rectum wall. ^1,2

Most polyps range in diameter from a few millimeters to 1 centimeter and are typically flat or pedunculated (stalked).

Although the vast majority of colorectal polyps are benign in their early stages, if left untreated for a long time, certain types of polyps may undergo malignant transformation and eventually develop into colorectal cancer. Early screening and treatment are the key to safeguarding intestinal health.

The formation of colorectal polyps is typically linked to genetic factors and lifestyle habits. If you meet any of the following criteria, we recommend that you schedule a colorectal screening as soon as possible:

• Age and Family History: Age 50 or older, or a first-degree relative with a history of colorectal polyps or colorectal cancer
• Poor Dietary Habits: Long-term consumption of high-fat foods, large amounts of red meat and processed meats, and a lack of dietary fiber
• Lifestyle: Lack of exercise, obesity, smoking, or excessive alcohol consumption
• Personal Medical History: History of inflammatory bowel disease (such as Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis)

The likelihood of a colorectal polyp developing into a malignant tumor depends on its size and histological type. Generally speaking, if a polyp’s diameter exceeds 2 centimeters, the risk of it harboring cancer cells or developing into a malignant lesion in the future increases significantly. The following are the most common types of adenomatous polyps (often considered precancerous lesions), listed in order of risk:

1. Tubular adenoma: The most common type, with a relatively low risk of developing into colorectal cancer
2. Tubulo-villous adenoma: Moderate risk of developing into colorectal cancer
3. Villous adenoma: The highest risk of developing into colorectal cancer; early removal is strongly recommended

Colonoscopy is currently the most common method for diagnosing and treating colorectal polyps. At Tamarind Specialists Centre, most polyps can be safely removed using endoscopic instruments during the colonoscopy (i.e., polypectomy). This allows you to complete both diagnosis and treatment in a single procedure, preventing polyps from developing into colorectal cancer. (Note: Other diagnostic methods, such as barium enema or CT colonography, are indirect and are unable to simultaneously obtain tissue biopsies or remove polyps.)

For minimally invasive treatment of large polyps, if a polyp is found to be too large to be removed by standard colonoscopy alone, a colorectal surgeon will develop an advanced treatment plan for you. In most cases, this can be accomplished through minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery. Minimally invasive techniques help minimize incision size, reduce postoperative pain, and facilitate a faster recovery.

After the colorectal surgeon removes the colon polyps, tissue samples will be sent for laboratory analysis. Based on the extent of abnormal cell growth or degree of cell change (dysplasia), we will schedule your next colonoscopy appointment to work with you in safeguarding your long-term intestinal health.